Em busca de instituições de capitalismo desenvolvimentista
resgatando modelos de crescimento em países emergentes
Visualizações: 534DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20336/rbs.816Palavras-chave:
modelo de crescimento, blocos sociais, capitalismo comparado, Variedades de Capitalismo, social blocsResumo
Como explicar que algumas economias emergentes crescem mais rápido do que outras? Qual a razão da sustentabilidade do seu crescimento? Nem todos os tipos de capitalismo em mercados emergentes contribuem igualmente para taxas de crescimento sustentadas que alicercem o desenvolvimento. Estudos de capitalismo comparativo sobre os modelos de crescimento temporário das economias europeias visam superar a estase das variedades do capitalismo. A adoção de modelos de crescimento em pesquisa sobre capitalismo de mercados emergentes requer atenção à integração na economia global e às coalizões políticas, e precisa superar os desafios metodológicos, dadas a elevada informalidade do mercado de trabalho e a instabilidade política. Este artigo busca dar sentido às mudanças nos componentes dos sucessivos modelos de crescimento ao longo de uma multiplicidade capitalista dependente de trajetória, expandir o marco analítico dos modelos de crescimento testando elementos junto à demanda (e oferta) com base em um estudo de caso do Brasil e explorar coalizões na reforma econômica para identificar os blocos sociais do modelo de crescimento. Seus resultados são a identificação dos desafios à aplicação dos conceitos e marco analítico existentes; da necessidade de estabelecer pontes entre os modelos de crescimento e a economia política do desenvolvimento; e uma avaliação exploratória das contribuições do modelo de crescimento para o desenvolvimento do Brasil no pós-guerra. Daí, no longo prazo, as mudanças de interesses das elites econômicas entre regimes econômicos liberais e não liberais sugerem fragilidade das repetidas tentativas de formar uma coalizão desenvolvimentista durável, e uma dinâmica de processo que desgasta as externalidades positivas do capitalismo permeado pelo Estado. Conclui-se que tanto as instituições desenvolvimentistas dependentes de trajetória, que impedem a mudança, quanto a instabilidade do crescimento limitam as possibilidades de costurar reformas institucionais para além da armadilha da renda média.
Downloads
Referências
Alonso, José A., & Ocampo, José A. (Eds.). (2020). Trapped in the middle? Developmental challenges for middle-income countries (Initiative for Policy Dialogue). Oxford University Press.
Amable, Bruno. (2003). The diversity of modern capitalism. Oxford University Press.
Amable, Bruno, Regan, Aidan, Avdagic, Sabina, Baccaro, Lucio, Pontusson, Jonas, & Van der Zwan, Natascha. (2019). New approaches to political economy. Socio-Economic Review, 17(2), 433-459. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwz002
Baccaro, Lucio, & Benassi, Chiara. (2017). Throwing out the ballast: growth models and the liberalization of German industrial relations. Socio-Economic Review, 15(1), 85-115. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mww036
Baccaro, Lucio, & Pontusson, Harry J. (2016). Rethinking comparative political economy: the growth model perspective. Politics & Society, 44(2), 175-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329216638053
Balestro, Moises, & Botelho, Antonio J. (2020, July 2-5). The politics of economic nationalism and growth strategy change in emerging economies: Brazil’s long-term development, faltering statism and the elusive growth strategy for the knowledge economy era. [Paper submitted]. SASE 2021 Annual Conference “After Covid? Critical Conjunctures and Contingent Pathways of Contemporary Capitalism”, online, KHK/Centre for Global Cooperation Research.
Behringer, Jan, & Van Treeck, Till. (2019). Income distribution and growth models: a sectoral balances approach. Politics & Society, 47(3), 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329219861237
Bhaduri, Amit, & Marglin, Stephen. (1990). Unemployment and the real wage: the economic basis for contesting political ideologies. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 14, 375-93. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035141
Bizberg, Ilan. (2018). Diversity of capitalisms in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan.
Bohle, Dorothee, & Greskovits, Béla. (2012). Capitalist diversity on Europe’s periphery. Cornell University Press.
Bresser-Pereira, Luis C. (2020). New developmentalism: development macroeconomics for middle-income countries. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 44(3), 629-646. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bez063
Culpepper, Pepper D. (2016). Capitalism, institutions, and power in the study of business. In Orfeo Fioretos, T. G. Falleti, & A. Sheingate (Orgs.). The Oxford handbook of historical institutionalism (pp. 453-466). Oxford University Press.
Cusack, Thomas R., Iversen, Torben, & Soskice, David. (2007). Economic interests and the origins of electoral systems. American Political Science Review, 101(3), 373-391. https://doi:10.1017/S0003055407070384
Doner, Richard. (2021, Jan. 11). Gaps in the trap: neglected politics in middle-income trap analysis [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://oecd-development-matters.org/2021/01/11/gaps-in-the-trap-neglected-politics-in-middle-income-trap-analysis/
Doner, Richard, & Schneider, Ben R. (2019). Technical education in the middle-income trap: building coalitions for skill formation. The Journal of Development Studies, 56(4), 680-697. https://doi:10.1080/00220388.2019.1595597
Ferreira, Clausinei. (2019). Governo Dutra: arrocho salarial e os trabalhadores. (1946-1950). (Masters’s thesis, Universidade de São Paulo). Retrieved from https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-04092019-121705/pt-br.php
Jackson, Gregory, & Deeg, Richard. (2006). How many varieties of capitalism? Comparing the comparative institutional analyses of capitalist diversity. MPIfG Discussion Paper No. 06/2. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.896384
Hall, Peter A. (2020a). How growth strategies evolve in the developed democracies. In A. Hassel & B. Palier (Eds.), Growth and welfare in the global economy: how growth regimes evolve (pp. 57-97). Oxford University Press.
Hall, Peter A. (2020b). The electoral politics of growth regimes. Perspectives on Politics, 18(1), 185-199. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592719001038
Hall, Peter A. (2018). Varieties of capitalism in light of the euro crisis. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(1), 7-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1310278
Hall, Peter A. (2016). Pablo Beramendi, Silja Häusermann, Herbert Kitschelt, and Hanspeter Kriesi (eds), 2015, The politics of advanced capitalism, Cambridge University Press. [Review] Socio-Economic Review, 14(2), 383-394. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mww007
Hall, Peter A., & Soskice, David. (2001). An introduction to varieties of capitalism. In P. A. Hall & D. Soskice (Eds.), Varieties of capitalism (pp. 1-55). Oxford University Press.
Hammer, Anita. (2019). Comparative capitalism and emerging economies: formal-informal economy interlockages and implications for institutional analysis. Review of International Political Economy, 26(2), 337-360. https://oi.org/10.1080/09692290.2018.1554537
Hassel, Anke, & Palier, Bruno (2020). Tracking the transformation of growth regimes in advanced capitalist economies. In A. Hassel & B. Palier (Eds.), Growth and welfare in advanced capitalist economies: how have growth regimes evolved? (pp. 372-436). Oxford University Press.
Hope, David, & Soskice, David. (2016). Growth models, varieties of capitalism, and macroeconomics. Politics & Society, 44(2), 209-226. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329216638054
Hundt, David, & Uttam, Jitendra. (2017). Varieties of capitalism in Asia beyond the developmental State. Palgrave Macmillan.
Kaldor, Nicholas. (1996). Causes of growth and stagnation in the world economy. Cambridge University Press.
Kalecki, Michal. (2003). Essays in the theory of economic fluctuations. Routledge.
Kalecki, Michal. (1991). Collected works of Michal Kalecki (Vol. II: Capitalism: economic dynamics). Clarendon Press.
Kalecki, Michal. (1990). Collected works of Michal Kalecki (Vol. I: Capitalism: business cycles and full employment). Clarendon Press.
Keen, Steve. (2003). Growth theory. In J. E. King (Eds.), The Elgar companion to post Keynesian Economics (pp. 175-180). Edward Elgar.
Kingstone, Peter R. (1999). Crafting coalitions for reform: business preferences, political institutions, and neoliberal reform in Brazil. Pennsylvania State University Press.
King, John E. (2018). Post Keynesian Economics. In S. N. Durlauf & L. E. Blume (Eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (3rd ed., pp. 10520-10532). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Lavoie, Marc, & Stockhammer, Engelbert. (2013). Wage-led growth: concept, theories and policies. In M. Lavoie & E. Stockhammer (Eds.). Wage-led growth: an equitable strategy for economic recovery (pp. 13-39). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137357939_2
Leopoldi, Maria A. (2000). Política e interesses na industrialização brasileira: as associações industriais, a política econômica e o Estado. Editora Paz e Terra.
Luna, Juan P., Murillo, María V., & Schrank, Andrew. (2014). Latin American political economy: making sense of a new reality. Latin American Politics and Society, 56(1), 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1531426x0000368x
May, Christian, Nölke, Andreas, & ten Brink, Tobias. (2019). Public-private coordination in large emerging economies: the case of Brazil, India, and China. Contemporary Politics, 25(3), 276-291. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2018.1555781
Martin, Cathie J. (2016). Economic prosperity is in high demand. Politics & Society, 44(2), 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329216638058
Moore, Joel D. (2018). Varieties of capitalism in southeast Asia. Palgrave Macmillan.
Nölke, Andreas. (2019a). In search of institutional complementarities: comparative capitalism and economic policy reform. Journal of Economic Policy Reform. doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2019.1637582
Nölke, Andreas. (2019b). Dependent versus state-permeated capitalism: two basic options for emerging markets. International Journal of Management and Economics, 54(4), 269-282. doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2018-0026
Nölke, Andreas. (2019c). Why are emerging market multinationals different? Challenges of a new version of state capitalism. In A. Breinbauer et al. (Eds.), Emerging market multinationals and Europe (pp. 37-48). Springer.
Nölke, Andreas. (2016). Economic causes of the Eurozone crisis: the analytical contribution of comparative capitalism. Socio-Economic Review, 14 (1): 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwv031.
Nölke, Andreas, May, Christian, Mertens, Daniel, & Schedelik, Michael. (2021). Elephant limps, but jaguar stumbles: unpacking the divergence of state capitalism in Brazil and India through theories of capitalist diversity. Competition & Change. https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294211015597
Nölke, Andreas, ten Brink, Tobias, Claar, Simone, & May, Christian. (2015). Domestic structures, foreign economic policies, and global economic order: implications from the rise of large emerging economies. European Journal of International Relations, 21(3), 538-567. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066114553682
Nölke, Andreas, & Vliegenthart, Arjan. (2009). Enlarging the varieties of capitalism: the emergence of dependent market economies in East Central Europe. World Politics, 61(4), 670-702. https://doir.org/10.1017/S0043887109990098
Owyang, Michael, & Shell, Hannah. (2017). China’s economic data: an accurate reflection or just smoke and mirrors? The Regional Economist, 25(2), 7-12. Retrieved from https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:fip:fedlre:00144
Panico, Carlo. (2003). Growth and income distribution. In J. E. King (Ed.), The Elgar companion to post Keynesian economics (pp. 170-174). Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
Piore, Michael J., & Sabel, Charles F. (1984). The Second industrial divide: possibilities for prosperity. Basic Books.
Rougier, Eric, & Combarnous, François. (2017). The Diversity of emerging capitalisms in developing countries: globalization, institutional convergence and experimentation. Palgrave Macmillan.
Sawyer, Malcolm C. (2018). Kalecki, Michal (1899–1970). In Macmillan Publishers Ltd. (Eds.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (pp. 7216-7221). Palgrave Macmillan.
Setterfield, Mark. (2013). Endogenous growth. In G. C. Harcourt & P. Kriesler (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Post-Keynesian Economics (Vol. 1: Theory and origins. pp. 1-27). Oxford University Press.
Schedelik, Michael, Nölke, Andreas, Mertens, Daniel, & May, Christian. (2020). Comparative capitalism, growth models and emerging markets: the development of the field. New Political Economy, 26, 1-13. https://doi.org.10.1080/13563467.2020.1807487
Schneider, Ben R. (2013). Hierarchical capitalism in Latin America: business, labor, and the challenges of equitable development. Cambridge University Press.
Schneider, Ben R. (2009). Hierarchical market economies and varieties of capitalism in Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies, 41(3), 553-575. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X09990186
Schneider, Ben R. (2004). Organizing interests and coalitions in the politics of market reform in Latin America. World Politics, 56(3), 456-479. https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.2004.0019
Smith, Adam. (2007). An Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Harriman House Ltd.
Stubbs, Richard. (2011). The East Asian developmental state and the great recession: evolving contesting coalitions. Contemporary Politics, 17(2), 151-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2011.565983
Weyland, Kurt. (2003). The politics of market reform in fragile democracies. Princeton University Press.
Downloads
- pdf (English) 352
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Moises Balestro, Antonio Junqueira Botelho
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).